The Bush administration presides at a time when the “promise of Madrid” has been rendered hollow. The United States, together with Israel and much of the Arab world, proved unable to realize the vision inspiring the Madrid process–a comprehensive peace between Israel and its neighbors, the creation of a Palestinian state in the West Bank and Gaza Strip with its capital in East Jerusalem, and the construction of a regional alliance against anti-American political Islam and the creation and deployment of weapons of mass destruction by Iraq and Iran.